Module A: Naphthalene Animal Bioassays
Note: Links are provided for non-copyrighted documents only.

O'Brien, K.A.F., C. Suverkropp, S. Kanekal, C.G. Plopper, and A.R. Buckpitt. 1989. Tolerance to multiple doses of the pulmonary toxicant, naphthalene. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 99 (3):487-500. [View]

O'Brien, K A, L L Smith, and G M Cohen. 1985. Differences in naphthalene-induced toxicity in the mouse and rat . Chem Biol Interact 55 (1):109-122. :

Plopper, C. G., C. Suverkropp, D. Morin, S. Nishio, and A. Buckpitt. 1992. Relationship of cytochrome P-450 activity to Clara cell cytotoxicity. I. Histopathologic comparison of the respiratory tract of mice, rats and hamsters after parenteral administration of naphthalene . J Pharmacol Exp Ther 261 (1):353-63. [View]

Plopper, C. G., J. Macklin, S. J. Nishio, D. M. Hyde, and A. R. Buckpitt. 1992. Relationship of cytochrome P-450 activity to Clara cell cytotoxicity. III. Morphometric comparison of changes in the epithelial populations of terminal bronchioles and lobar bronchi in mice, hamsters, and rats after parenteral administration of naphthalene . Lab Invest 67 (5):553-65. [View]

National Toxicology Program. 1992. TR-410 Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Naphthalene [Abstract]. [View]

National Toxicology Program. 1992. TR-410 Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Naphthalene [Full Report]. [View PDF]

National Toxicology Program. 1992. TR-410 Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Naphthalene [Data]. [View]

Module B: Exposure, Epidemiology and Human Cancer Incidence
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Cohen ZR, Marmor E, Fuller GN, DeMonte F. 2002. Misdiagnosis of olfactory neuroblastoma. Neurosurg Focus. May 15;12(5):e3. [View]

Daly NJ, Voigt JJ, Combes PF. 1980. Diagnosis and treatment of olfactory neuroblastomas in seven patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1980 Dec;6(12):1735-8. No abstract available.

Dulguerov P, Allal AS, Calcaterra TC. 2001. Esthesioneuroblastoma: a meta-analysis and review. Lancet Oncol. 2001 Nov;2(11):683-90. [View]

Gondim J, Ramos F Jr, Azevedo J, Carrero FP Jr, Tella OI Jr. 2002. Esthesioneuroblastoma: case report. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2002 Jun;60(2-A):303-7. Review. [View]

Haseman JK, Hailey JR. An update of the National Toxicology Program database on nasal carcinogens. Mutat Res. 1997 Oct 31;380(1-2):3-11. [View]

Lee CY, Lee JY, Kang JW, Kim H. 2001. Effects of genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 on the urinary levels of 1-hydroxypyrene and 2-naphthol in aircraft maintenance workers. Toxicol Lett. 2001 Sep 15;123(2-3):115-24. [View]

McElroy EA Jr, Buckner JC, Lewis JE. 1998. Chemotherapy for advanced esthesioneuroblastoma: the Mayo Clinic experience. Neurosurgery. 1998 May;42(5):1023-7; discussion 1027-8. [View]

Nan HM, Kim H, Lim HS, Choi JK, Kawamoto T, Kang JW, Lee CH, Kim YD, Kwon EH. 2001. Effects of occupation, lifestyle and genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and 2-naphthol concentrations. Carcinogenesis. May;22(5):787-93. [View]

Waidyanatha, S., M.A. Troester, A.B. Lindstrom, and S.M. Rappaport. 2002. Measurement of hemoglobin and albumin adducts of naphthalene-1,2-oxide, 1,2-naphthoquinone and 1,4-naphthoquinone after... Chemico-Biological Interactions 141 (3):189-210.

National Toxicology Program. 1978. Bioassay of thio-TEPA for possible carcinogenicity. Natl Cancer Inst Carcinog Tech Rep Ser. 1978;58:1-168. [View]

Pino MV, Valerio MG, Miller GK, Larson JL, Rosolia DL, Jayyosi Z, Crouch CN, Trojanowski JQ, Geiger LE. 1999. Toxicologic and carcinogenic effects of the type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor RP 73401 on the nasal olfactory tissue in rats. Toxicol Pathol. 1999 Jul-Aug;27(4):383-94. [View]

Riemenschneider PA, Prior JT. 1958. Neuroblastoma originating from olfactory epithelium (esthesioneuroblastoma). Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. Nov;80(5):759-65. No abstract available.

Elovaara E, Vaananen V, Mikkola J. 2003. Simultaneous analysis of naphthols, phenanthrols, and 1-hydroxypyrene in urine as biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure: intraindividual variance in the urinary metabolite excretion profiles caused by intervention with beta-naphthoflavone induction in the rat. Arch Toxicol. Apr;77(4):183-93. [View]

Waidyanatha, S., Y. Zheng, B. Serdar, and S. M. Rappaport. 2004. Albumin adducts of naphthalene metabolites as biomarkers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13 (1):117-24.

Module C: Anatomy, Physiology, and Metabolic Activation and Deactivation
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Frederick CB, Bush ML, Lomax LG, Black KA, Finch L, Kimbell JS, Morgan KT, Subramaniam RP, Morris JB, Ultman JS. 1998. Application of a hybrid computational fluid dynamics and physiologically based inhalation model for interspecies dosimetry extrapolation of acidic vapors in the upper airways . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. Sep;152(1):211-31. [View]

Genter, Mary Beth. 2004. Update on olfactory mucosal metabolic enzymes: Age-related changes and N-acetyltransferase activities. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology 18 (4):239-244. [View]

Kimbell JS, Godo MN, Gross EA, Joyner DR, Richardson RB, Morgan KT. 1997. Computer simulation of inspiratory airflow in all regions of the F344 rat nasal passages. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. Aug;145(2):388-98. [View]

Mahvi, D, H Bank, and R Harley. 1977. Morphology of a naphthalene-induced bronchiolar lesion. Am J Pathol 86 (3):558-572. : [View]

Martonen TB, Schroeter JD. 2003. Risk assessment dosimetry model for inhaled particulate matter: II. Laboratory surrogates (rat) . Toxicol Lett. 2003 Feb 18;138(1-2):133-42.[View]

Park KS, Wells JM, Zorn AM, Wert SE, Laubach VE, Fernandez LG, Whitsett JA. 2005. Transdifferentiation of ciliated cells during repair of the respiratory epithelium. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2005 Oct 20; [Epub ahead of print] [View]

Quick, D.J., and M.L. Shuler. 1999. Use of in vitro data for construction of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for naphthalene in rats and mice to probe species differences . Biotechnol. Prog. 15 (3):540-555. [View]

Sweeney, LM; Shuler, ML; Quick, DJ; Babish JG.. (1996) A preliminary physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for naphthalene and naphthalene oxide in mice and rats . Ann Biomed Eng 24:305-320. [View]

Thornton-Manning, J R, and A R Dahl. 1997. Metabolic capacity of nasal tissue interspecies comparisons of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Mutat Res 380 (1):43-59. : [View]

Tong, S S, Y Hirokata, M A Trush, E G Mimnaugh, E Ginsburg, M C Lowe, and T E Gram. 1981. Clara cell damage and inhibition of pulmonary mixed-function oxidase activity by naphthalene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 100 (3):944-950.

Van Winkle, Laura S., Michelle V. Fanucchi, Lisa A. Miller, Gregory L. Baker, Laurel J. Gershwin, Edward S. Schelegle, Dallas M. Hyde, Michael J. Evans, and Charles G. Plopper. 2004. Epithelial cell distribution and abundance in rhesus monkey airways during postnatal lung growth and development . J Appl Physiol 97 (6):2355-2363.

Willems, B A, R L Melnick, M C Kohn, and C J Portier. 2001. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for inhalation and intravenous administration of naphthalene in rats and mice . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 176 (2):81-91. [View]

Module D: Genotoxic Modes of Action
Note: Links are provided for non-copyrighted documents only.

Butterworth, B.E. 2004. Expert Opinion on the Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity of Naphthalene. ATS Attachment C.

Cavalieri EL, Li KM, Balu N, Saeed M, Devanesan P, Higginbotham S, Zhao J, Gross ML, Rogan EG. 2002. Catechol ortho-quinones: the electrophilic compounds that form depurinating DNA adducts and could initiate cancer and other diseases. Carcinogenesis. 23(6):1071-7. [View]

Cavalieri EL, Rogan EG. 2004. A unifying mechanism in the initiation of cancer and other diseases by catechol quinones. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1028:247-57. [View]

d'Arcy Doherty, M., R. Makowski, G.G. Gibson, and G.M. Cohen. 1985. Cytochrome P-450 dependent metabolic activation of 1-naphthol to naphthoquinones and covalent binding species. Biochemical Pharmacology 34 (13):2261-2267. [View]

Flowers, L, S T Ohnishi, and T M Penning. 1997. DNA strand scission by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon o-quinones: role of reactive oxygen species, Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox... Biochemistry 36 (28):8640-8648. [View]

Munday, Rex. 2004. Activation and detoxification of naphthoquinones by NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase. Methods Enzymol 382:364-380. [View]

Penning, T M, M E Burczynski, C F Hung, K D McCoull, N T Palackal, and L S Tsuruda. 1999. Dihydrodiol dehydrogenases and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon activation: Generation of reactive and redox active o-quinones. Chem Res Toxicol 12 (1):1-18. [View]

Penning, Trevor M. 2004. Aldo-keto reductases and formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon o-quinones. Methods Enzymol 378:31-67. [View]

Powell CL, Swenberg JA, Rusyn I. 2005. Expression of base excision DNA repair genes as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. Cancer Lett. 8;229(1):1-11. [View]

Troester MA, Lindstrom AB, Waidyanatha S, Kupper LL, Rappaport SM. 2002. Stability of hemoglobin and albumin adducts of naphthalene oxide, 1,2-naphthoquinone, and 1,4-naphthoquinone. Toxicol Sci. 68(2):314-21. [View]

Wilson, AS, Davis CD, Williams DP, Buckpitt AR, Pirmohamed M, and Park BK. 1996. Characterization of the toxic metabolite(s) of naphthalene. Toxicology. Dec 18;114(3):233-42.Erratum in: Toxicology 1997 Jun 6;120(1):75. [View]

Yu, D., J.A. Berlin, T.M. Penning, and J.M. Field. 2002. Reactive oxygen species generated by PAH o-Quinones cause change-in-function mutations in p53. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 15 (6):832-842.

General:
Note: Links are provided for non-copyrighted documents only.

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. 2002. NaphthaleneRG1RevSumm, Review Summary of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS/NTP) RoC Review Committee (RG1), Nomination Naphthalene.

National Toxicology Program. 2002. Naphth_RG2revw-final, Nomination: Naphthalene; Review committee: NTP Executive Committee Working Group for the Report on Carcinogens - RG2.

National Toxicology Program. 2002. NTP_ Past NTP Board of Scientific Counselors Report on Carcinogens, Advisory Board & Committees, NTP Board of Scientific Counselors, Report on Carcinogens Subcommittee, Meetings & Minutes, Past NTP Board of Scientific Counselors Report on Carcinogens Subcommittee Meetings.

National Toxicology Program. 2005. NTP_ Naphthalene: Report on Carcinogens, 11th RoC, Background Documents & Public Comments, Naphthalene.

National Toxicology Program. 2005. NTP_ Public Comments_ 11th Report on Carcinogens, Report on Carcinogens, 11th RoC, Background Documents & Public Comments, Public Comments: 11th Report on Carcinogens.

Technology Planning and Management Corporation. 2002. NaphthalenePub, Final Report on Carcinogens Background Document for Naphthalene. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program.

US EPA. 1998. 1998 EPA Naphthalene Risk Assessment, Toxicological Review Of Naphthalene.

US EPA and ORISE IRIS Technical Assistance Team Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Oak Ridge Associated Universities. 2004. 2004 NAPHTHALENE PEER REVIEW REPORT, External Peer Review for the IRIS Reassessment of the Inhalation Carcinogenicity of Naphthalene: Final Report. Environmental Protection Agency.

US HHS. 2006. HHS Information Quality Requests for Corrections and HHS' Responses.

Stakeholder Contributions:
Note: Links are provided for non-copyrighted documents only.

Chao YE, Kupper LL, Serdar B, Egeghy PP, Rappaport SM, Nylander-French LA. 2006. Dermal exposure to jet fuel JP-8 significantly contributes to the production of urinary napthols in fuel-cell maintenance workers. Environ Health Perspect ;114:182-185.

D'Mello TA, Yamane GK. 2005. Occupational Jet Fuel Exposure and Invasive Cancer Occurrence (DRAFT PRESENTATION).[View PDF]

D'Mello TA, Yamane GK. 2006. Cancer and jet fuel occupational exposure in the U.S. Air Force: 1989-2003. Abstract presented at 2006 annual meeting of the Aerospace Medical Association. [View]

Egeghy PP, Hauf-Cabalo L, Gibson R, Rappaport SM. 2003. Benzene and naphthalene in air and breath as indicators of exposure to jet fuel. Occup Environ Med;60:969-976.

International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2002. Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene. IARC Monographs;82:367-435.

Kendall RK, Smith E, Smith LB, Gibson RL. 2001. JP-8 Final Risk Assessment. Air Force Institute for Occupational Health, Report No. IOH-RS-BR-SR-2005-0003. [View PDF part 1], [View PDF part 2]

Meeker JD, Barr DB, Serdar B, Rappaport SM, Hauser R. 2006. Utility of urinary 1-napthol and 2-napthol levels to assess environmental carbaryl and naphthalene exposure in an epidemiology study. J Exp Sci Environ Epidemiol:May 24; [Epub ahead of print].

Preuss R, Kochl HM, Wilhelm M, Pischetsrieder M, Angerer J.2004. Pilot study on the naphthalene exposure of German adults and children by means of urinary 1- and 2-naphthol levels. Int J Hyg Environ Health;207:441-445.

Preuss R, Angerer J, Drexler H. 2003. Naphthalene - an environmental and occupational toxicant. Int Arch Occup Environ Health;76:556-576.

Serdar B, Egeghy PP, Waidyanatha S, Gibson RL, Rappaport SM.2003. Urinary biomarkers of exposure to jet fuel (JP-8). Environ Health Perspect;111:1760-174.

Serdar B, Egeghy PP, Gibson R, Rappaport SM. 2004. Dose-dependent production of urinary naphthols among workers exposed to jet fuel (JP-8). Am J Ind Med;46:234-244.

Tu RH, S. MC, Kay GG, Risby TH. 2004. Human exposure to the jet fuel, JP-8. Aviat Space Environ Med;75:49-59.

USEPA. 2003. Health Effects Support Document for Naphthalene.EPA 822-R-03-005. [View]

Wong O, Raabe GK. 2000a. A critical review of cancer epidemiology in the petroleum industry, with a meta-analysis of a combined database of more than 350,000 workers. Reg Tox Pharm;32:78-98.

Wong O, Harris F. 2005. Retrospective cohort mortality study and nested case-control study of workers exposed to creosote at 11 wood-treating plants in the United States. JOEM;47:683-697.

Wolf O. 1976. Cancer morbidity amongst chemical workers from a former naphthalene cleaning plant [translated from the German by the UK HSE]. German title: Krebserkrankungen bei Chemiearbeitern einer ehemaligen Naphthalinereinigung]. Translation date: June 1995, HSE translation No.: 15358(A). Dt Gesundh-Wesen;31:996-999.

Wolf O. 1978. Carcinoma of the larynx in workers engaged in the purification of naphthalene [translated from the German by the UK HSE]. Translation date: May, 1995, HSE translation. No.: 15329(A). Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete;24:737-739.